What is the definition of a dependent variable in a research study?

In a research study, the dependent variable is defined as the outcome or response that is measured. This variable is what researchers are primarily interested in observing to see how it changes in response to manipulations made by the independent variable. Essentially, the dependent variable reflects the effects or results of those manipulations.

For instance, if a researcher is investigating the impact of a new medication on blood pressure, the blood pressure measurements would be the dependent variable, as these are the data collected to assess the effect of the medication. This concept is crucial in understanding cause-and-effect relationships in experiments, as it helps clarify what the researcher is attempting to measure and analyze in relation to changes in the independent variable. By focusing on the dependent variable, researchers can obtain insights into the effectiveness or performance of their experimental treatments or interventions.