What does 'bias' refer to in the context of research?

In the context of research, 'bias' refers to a systematic error that can significantly affect the validity and reliability of study results. This means that the findings of the research may be skewed or distorted in a way that does not accurately reflect the true situation or relationships being studied. Bias can arise from various sources, such as flawed study design, questionable data collection methods, or unintentional influences on participants. Recognizing and addressing bias is crucial because it can lead to incorrect conclusions and misinform policy, practice, and further research. By understanding that bias systematically alters research outcomes, researchers can implement strategies to minimize its impact and thereby enhance the credibility of their findings.