In the context of research, an independent variable is defined as?

An independent variable is defined as the factor that is manipulated to assess its effect in an experiment. This variable is intentionally changed or controlled by the researcher to observe how it influences the dependent variable, which is the outcome or response being measured. For example, in a study investigating the effect of a new medication, the dosage of that medication would be the independent variable. By varying the dosage, researchers can determine how it affects the health outcomes of the participants, which would be reflected in the dependent variable.

In research design, understanding the role of the independent variable is crucial because it allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Without manipulation of the independent variable, it would be difficult to ascertain whether changes in the dependent variable are directly related to the changes made by the researcher.